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- 00:00 that's for Okay one minute one minute one minute allow me to record okay okay yeah
- 00:09 okay i'm recording great thank you so much for the opportunity uh for having me for the
- 00:16 interview yeah um I have been following your work for a while now and uh it has truly been an inspiration uh to me and all that I'm doing so I just want to thank you for for that
- 00:28 thank you um I have so many questions doctor um first of all
- 00:35 um when talking about the theology of pathological narcissism you talk about
- 00:41 um Andre Green's concept the dead mother i was wondering if you could elaborate a
- 00:48 little bit on on this and why uh is narcissism linked to the mother or the
- 00:56 mother function mhm it is the mother that is the most
- 01:02 crucial in the first 36 months of life the father has a minimal role after 36
- 01:09 months of life the father enters the picture and the father becomes the main
- 01:15 agent of socialization so the father teaches the child skills social scripts sexual
- 01:22 scripts um and the father becomes a role model and and so on but in the initial 36
- 01:30 months of life it is the mother that by far is the most crucial especially in
- 01:37 the first 18 months because the mother is the only person the child inter
- 01:43 interacts with on a regular basis still even in western industrialized society that is the fact and because the child defines
- 01:54 itself in contradistinction to the mother the child uses the mother as a
- 02:00 way to discover its own boundaries and to form a self to create or constellate
- 02:07 or integrate a sense of self so the mother is there in a multiplicity of of
- 02:14 critical functions initially the child identifies mother with the world the child doesn't see any difference between
- 02:21 itself and mother and the world so there is what used to be called the symbiotic phase
- 02:28 it is through mother that the child gains knowledge of of the world and it is through the mother's gaze that the child realizes its own separateness the which in itself is a major trauma and then the child separates from
- 02:45 the mother initially and the self begins to form if the mother fails in at any stage of this hypers sensitive process then we have a disruption in the formation of the self we have severe attachment
- 03:02 problems we have emotional dysregulation we have cognitive
- 03:08 distortions they are all directly traceable to maternal failure or what Andre Green calls dead
- 03:15 mother the dead mother is a mother who is emotionally absent either because she is
- 03:23 depressed or because she's narcissistic it's a mother who is unable to cater to the basic needs of the
- 03:30 child both physical and psychological so there is neglect and abandonment involved very often or the opposite it's a mother who is overprotective
- 03:43 doineering a mother who idolizes the the child and um because she idolizes the child she places the child on a pedestal and she
- 03:54 she actually does not allow the child to interact with reality or with peers
- 04:01 in both cases we are talking about mothers who refuse to provide the
- 04:07 appropriate feedback mothers who don't allow the child to create boundaries to and to separate from them in a way which is non-threatening
- 04:18 mhm so there are many ways there are many types of failure and many types of abuse it is not true that abuse is only physical or verbal or sexual
- 04:29 abuse can be as I mentioned overprotectiveness abuse can be when you
- 04:35 parentify the child when you use the child as your own parent abuse can be when you
- 04:41 instrumentalize the child when you use the child to realize your own frustrated fantasies and wishes and so on so there
- 04:48 many many ways to abuse the child yeah a good mother or what Winnott Donard
- 04:54 Wikott called the good enough mother is a mother who simultaneously provides a child with acceptance and warmth and compassion and
- 05:05 a holding environment but at the same time encourages the part the child to walk
- 05:11 away encourages the child to separate and to become an individual divided from
- 05:17 her so mother pushes the child away not aggressively but by um rendering herself
- 05:25 a secure base so that the child says to itself I can walk away from mommy and
- 05:32 there will be no punishment for that there will be no consequences to it i can explore the world and it's a mother
- 05:39 who supports the child's grandiosity to some extent because she encourages the child to venture forth venture out into
- 05:48 the environment and to actually assume autonomy personal autonomy independence
- 05:54 and agency even though the child is only one and a half years old or two years old there's a lot of grandiosity here
- 06:01 but the mother encourages this it's not a surprise that the vast majority of mothers fail actually
- 06:09 because it's a lot to ask for it's a balancing delicate balancing act so it's
- 06:15 a lot to ask for and this raises the issue whether children should not be raised by
- 06:21 biological mothers but should be raised by expert mothers we have an amazing
- 06:27 experiment actually uh the kibbutim in Israel in the kibbutim in Israel kib
- 06:33 kibuts a kibbutz is a a commune a communal um kind of settlement so in the
- 06:40 kibbut same for a few decades children were not raised with biological parents
- 06:47 children were raised centrally by expert mothers expert nannies psychologists and
- 06:55 and so on so forth they saw their mothers the children saw their mothers even as infants even as
- 07:02 newborn they saw the mothers once a week for a few hours and this is a major experiment
- 07:09 because it involves well over 100,000 children and what we discovered is these
- 07:16 children are the most functional and most mentally healthy in Israeli society
- 07:23 they reach they are they constitute the elites they have much better academic attainments and accomplishments their marital life is much more stable they are much more mentally healthy and these are 100,000
- 07:39 people who were not raised by biological mothers it's a a very thoughtprovoking
- 07:48 that's amazing yeah yeah that's Yeah um I was also wondering about the the
- 07:56 different cycles of abuse you you talk about um the cycle from narcissistic
- 08:03 abuse but what are the key differences between the cycle of abuse uh from a
- 08:10 narcissist and a for example a psychopath um and a borderline
- 08:17 let's start with the easy one the easy one is a psychopath the psychopath wants something from you he wants your money he wants to have sex with you he wants you to introduce him to someone he wants you know he wants something from you
- 08:29 psychopath is goal focused or goal oriented so once the goal is
- 08:35 accomplished or attained the psychopath would walk away the abuse is utterly instrumental and therefore the abuse is
- 08:43 limited in time limited in space and very laser focused
- 08:49 the borderline's abuse is reactive the borderline is highly disregulated she
- 08:56 has what we call emotional react reactivity and she's triggered
- 09:02 frequently by external factors and internal factors
- 09:08 so for example she could be triggered by abandonment and rejection but and shame and humiliation
- 09:15 but she could also be triggered by her own anticipation of possible abandonment it
- 09:22 hasn't happened yet but she would be triggered so there are so many thousands of factors that trigger border lines they are volatile they're explosive they are and so the
- 09:35 borderline's abuse is a byproduct is a side effect of internal psy psychonamics
- 09:41 internal psychological processes that the border borderline has no control over absolutely no control we now know
- 09:49 that these are associated with brain abnormalities and with hereditary
- 09:55 hereditary genetic components yes so this is the border lines abuse which could be horrible border lines abuse could be shattering and devastating and life transforming end up being broken
- 10:06 and damaged by the borderline and it's all true but the
- 10:12 borderline is out of control is is in many ways I think not
- 10:20 responsible you can't say the same about the narcissist the narcissist abuse is
- 10:26 also goal oriented and in this sense the narcissist is highly antisocial but the goal in the case of
- 10:33 the narcissist is self aggrandisement or what we call in clinical psychology
- 10:39 self-enhancement the goal in the case of the narcissist is to butress and augment a totally
- 10:47 inflated fantastic counterfactual self-image or self-concept mhm a piece
- 10:54 of fiction a myth a personal mythology personal religion actually where the narcissist is God a deity mhm and to accomplish this the narcissist
- 11:05 creates what is known as a shared fantasy first described by Sander in 1989 he creates a shared fantasy and
- 11:12 then he coerces you or entices you baits you into the shared fantasy and your
- 11:19 role within the shed fantasy is like a the same like a prop in a theater production or like an actor in a in a s
- 11:27 in a movie that's your role and you are supposed to provide the narcissist with
- 11:33 what I call the four S's two of the four S's actually you're supposed to provide sex supply narcissistic or sadistics about 2 to 3% of all narcissists are
- 11:44 sades so they enjoy your pain and discomfort you're supposed to provide safety in
- 11:51 other words you're supposed to be there regardless of the egregiousness of the abuse you're supposed to stick around
- 11:58 you're supposed to be there so that you're supposed to provide object constancy and um sex of course so two of
- 12:06 the four you're supposed to provide that is your role and within the the shed fantasy the abuse in the case of narcissist is one major function and that is to test you to see how far the narcissist
- 12:23 can go and how submissive and subjugated you are the narcissist exaggerates the
- 12:31 abuse renders it egregious pushes the envelope all the time testing you
- 12:38 um and if you stick around then you are a good mother you're a good maternal
- 12:44 figure the narcissist can trust you your love is unconditional so the narcissist's goal
- 12:50 orientation is about preserving the shared fantasy within which the narcissist is a godlike divine deity
- 12:58 entity so it has nothing to do with with a psychopathy a psychopath may come up with a fantasy and he would use the fantasy to
- 13:10 gaslight you he would use the fantasy to challenge your ability to gauge and evaluate reality what is known as reality testing it would impair your reality testing gaslighting is therefore
- 13:23 a psy a psychopathic behavior not a narcissistic behavior
- 13:29 and it is part and parcel of the psychopath's highly limited goal oriented laser focused abuse the
- 13:36 narcissist abuse is much more dangerous because in order to become a figment
- 13:43 within the shared fantasy in order to fit into the shared fantasy you need to suspend your own
- 13:50 existence you need to disappear into the shared fantasy and reappear inside the shared
- 13:57 fantasy as some kind of internal object the narcissist demands of you to negate
- 14:03 yourself to vanish to lose your personal autonomy your independence your agency
- 14:10 your your your critical thinking your friendships your family your job your
- 14:17 everything you are required to vanish this is a simulation of the symbiotic
- 14:24 phase between a baby and his mother in effect the whole thing is a recreation of early childhood conflicts but the price you pay within the narcissist shared fantasy is the
- 14:36 ultimate price because you end up losing yourself you end up deprived of a core
- 14:43 identity you end up doubting who you are whereas with a psychopath you lose some money or you have a one night stand or whatever and
- 14:54 it pisses you off you're angry you're disgusted you're but that's the extent of the psychopath's abuse and with a borderline she can hurt you a lot she
- 15:06 can damage you she can break you apart yeah it's all true but ultimately you do know you do realize that she's mentally ill and there is an element of capacity to forgive you are able to forgive the borderline and this ability to forgive
- 15:22 restores you somehow you're not able to forgive the narcissist because we know
- 15:28 that narcissists are in total control of their behaviors we know for example that when we change the narcissist environment the behaviors of the narcissist change change dramatically we
- 15:40 know for example that narcissists in prison are not narcissistic at all
- 15:46 they're not haughty or arrogant they're not contemptuous they're not aggressive they're nice they're kind so they're
- 15:53 capable of not being narcissist in this narcissism was a kind of choice behavioral choice you know so it's
- 16:00 difficult to forgive the narcissist very difficult for having you know hurt you
- 16:06 to that extent for having negated you eliminated you in a way and this is these are the differences
- 16:12 okay thank you there's often talk about um narcissistic abuse in terms of for example the narcissist and the victim
- 16:24 that is supposed to be a normal healthy person right but I was
- 16:30 wondering is it possible uh that a relationship forms between for example
- 16:37 two narcissists or two two people with a different personality disorder and what
- 16:43 would that look like it's pretty common actually narcissists and border lines are known to form to
- 16:52 form diads and couples habitually um my late lamented good friend John
- 16:58 Lkar has written the book about it in 1982 not long ago the borderline
- 17:04 narcissistic couple so narcissists provide the borderline with a feeling of safety and
- 17:12 stability the narcissist is a rock is a presence is supremely
- 17:18 self-confident and he interfaces he he positions himself between the borderline
- 17:25 and reality so he becomes the border lines reality test testing or reality interface on the one hand and the
- 17:32 borderline provides adgulation admiration idealization and so on narcissist loves it it's exactly what he
- 17:39 expects his his partner to to provide in the shared fantasy so they are perfect
- 17:47 fit that's a common combination narcissists team team up especially
- 17:53 romantically only when they are of different types so a an in um uh overt narcissist
- 18:02 is likely could end up I'm sorry to could end up with a covert narcissist
- 18:09 but two overt narcissists too grandio overt narcissists are unlikely to form a couple similarly a somatic narcissist would team up with a cerebral narcissist a
- 18:21 cerebral narcissist is a narcissist who obtains supply narcissistic supply using his intellect whereas a somatic
- 18:28 narcissist obtain supply using his body so they're a perfect match the cerebral is asexual or not asexual but hyposexual or nonsexual not exactly asexual but
- 18:40 nonsexual whereas the somatic is hypersexual so it's a perfect fit and
- 18:47 Somatic finds sex outside the the the couple and
- 18:53 the cerebral has no problem with it because he's not into sex um on the other hand the somatic benefits from the cerebral's intellect and the cere cerebral feels safe and protected with
- 19:04 the somatic there is a vicarious acquisition of narcissistic supply
- 19:11 uh so a covert narcissist who is essentially a collapsed narcissist it's a narcissist who is unable to obtain
- 19:18 supply a covert narcissist would obtain supply through the overt partner the
- 19:24 overt partner is like a hunter overt partner goes out there and brings back the bacon brings back the narcissistic supply to the covert narcissist so yes
- 19:35 actually and psychopaths form diets very frequently two psychopaths and they do
- 19:42 this as a collaborate collaborative project so psychopaths team up even in a
- 19:48 romantic couple they team up to do something together because psychopaths are goal oriented and that's why we have
- 19:55 Bonnie and Clyde okay two psychopaths who are into something together robbery or murder or you name it so yes there's very frequent
- 20:06 couple or diad among psychopaths um much less frequent are diets or
- 20:13 couples that involve same type narcissist or same type psychopath or that's extremely rare even border lines for example don't form couples with each
- 20:24 other that's extremely rare because a borderline would not provide another borderline with a sense of safety and
- 20:30 stability and a secure place and and so it will not last long
- 20:38 there's also the issue of comorbidity uh you often talk about um
- 20:44 that a person can have a narcissistic personality personality disorder and
- 20:50 also for example a borderline personality disorder so I can only imagine what that looks like h could you explain a little bit about that yeah it's a delicious
- 21:01 combination i agree first of all let us be clear these diagnosis narcissistic personality disorder borderline etc they're limited to North
- 21:12 America they are the outcomes of the diagnostic and statistical manual which
- 21:18 is a book whose latest edition which is the text revision of
- 21:25 the fifth edition 2022 this edition is actually copy paste of an earlier edition published in the year 2000 25 years of study and research in
- 21:38 any discipline uh render the knowledge
- 21:45 obsolete so 90% of the information in the DSM is wrong i'm not exaggerating it's information from the year 1999 or from
- 21:56 the year 1998 it's dead on arrival it's not used so DSM is good for insurance
- 22:04 and the pharmaceutical industry but it's not a good diagnostic manual
- 22:10 anymore although in the fifth edition there was an attempt to
- 22:16 rewrite some of the diagnostic criteria of a few of the personality disorders so
- 22:22 this is known as the alternative models you have an alternative model for borderline alternative model for
- 22:28 narcissism and so on but the problem is much deeper the problem is that today we
- 22:34 believe it's more or less the mainstream that there is a single personality
- 22:40 disorder only one and that each patient with this single personality disorder
- 22:49 emphasizes accentuates manifests certain
- 22:55 traits so if you combine these traits in one way that would be the equivalent of
- 23:01 narcissistic personality disorder if you combine other traits another way you would have borderline what used to be
- 23:07 borderline mhm the manual the diagnostic manual that is used by 80% of humanity
- 23:14 is the international classification of diseases the ICD edition 11 dated
- 23:22 2022 and in the ICD there is no narcissistic personality disorder
- 23:29 there's no such diagnosis what the ICD does the ICD lists traits these are called trait
- 23:37 domains the ICD has trait domains and what you do as a clinician or as a diagnostician or as a therapist when they when you're confronted with a patient or a client what you do you take
- 23:50 these trait domains and you combine them to create the exact profile of the person you're
- 23:58 facing it's a Lego Lego approach these are like Lego bricks and you take this
- 24:04 so for example if I would come across a malignant narcissist a malignant narcissist is a narcissist who is also a
- 24:11 psychopath who is also a sadist right someone you would like to marry probably so if you come across a
- 24:19 malignant narcissist with a DSM you would diagnose him with narcissistic personality disorder combid
- 24:26 comb with antisocial personality disorder and sadism although sadism is not in the DSM okay that's one approach the other approach if I'm using the ICD
- 24:39 not the DSM I would identify the traits of this individual i would see that this
- 24:45 individual is dissociative which is another name for antisocial i would see that this person is ananchancic as anastia in other words
- 24:56 has obsess obsessive compulsive features i would see that this person is prone to conflict
- 25:03 antagonistic i would take all these traits and I will combine them and I
- 25:09 will create a painting a picture clinical picture unique to this individual this is a much more flexible much more realistic much more helpful
- 25:21 approach because any clinician would tell you when you meet someone and they
- 25:28 present to you with borderline two days later they become narcissist 4 days later they show a bit of psychopathy the next week they're
- 25:39 borderline again and in between they're histrionic and they're trying to seduce you
- 25:46 so it's clear that these distinctions are totally artificial and they create several massive problems one of which is coorbidity it's very common for a
- 25:58 patient to be diagnosed with four seven 10 mental health
- 26:04 issues uh that's a major problem and the even much bigger problem is what is known as polythetic problem polythetic problem is the following you have nine criteria to diagnose narcissistic
- 26:16 personality disorder 1 2 3 4 5 Nine okay so here we come we are two patients
- 26:23 patient number one satisfies meets criteria 1 2 3 4 5
- 26:30 patient number two satisfies criteria 5 6 7 8 9 both of them are diagnosed with
- 26:38 narcissistic personality disorder but the only thing they have in common is criterion
- 26:44 five this is of course Mhm unsustainable it's bordering on idiotic i'm sorry to
- 26:51 say the whole approach is stupid this categorical shopping list approach bullet list is completely not realistic counterfactual people are not lakes
- 27:04 people are rivers people flow that's why we we say psycho dynamics we don't say
- 27:11 psychoatics say psychonamic it's dynamic the whole thing is dynamic there are reactions to internal environment
- 27:17 external environment and so on so when you psychorbidity narcissistic personality disorder and borderline personality disorder this uses the categorical approach this assumes that
- 27:28 there are clinical entities which are totally demarcated with differential diagnosis that's not the case that's not
- 27:36 the case border people with what we used to call borderline personality disorder
- 27:42 now we don't use this term in most of the world we don't use this term but okay people with this disorder they are
- 27:49 for example a lot of grandiosity yes they are prone to fantasy exactly like the narcissist they are even in classical object relation schools it is believed
- 28:02 that border lines have a false self exactly like the narcissist so the distinctions are very blurry very
- 28:09 murky and and so this coorbidity is I believe an artifact not real is an
- 28:17 artifact of our flawed problematic diagnostic system mhm i believe that you
- 28:24 have people who are grandiose who are antisocial and who
- 28:32 have severe problems regulating certain psychological processes and emotions cognitions moods and so on so forth and then it's only a
- 28:44 question of measure we know for example that when narcissists are subjected to extreme
- 28:51 humiliation stress and anxiety they become borderline we know that narcissists who
- 28:57 are mortified narcissistic motification which is essentially public humiliation
- 29:03 and shaming sudden unexpected we know that these narcissists start to
- 29:09 emotionally disregulate and they become suicidal they become indistinguishable from borderline we know that the borderline when you push the borderline when you humiliate the borderline when
- 29:21 you attack the borderline we know that the borderline becomes highly psychopathic actually there are studies
- 29:28 scholars that claim that borderline personality disorder has a secondary psychopathic manifestation or phase and
- 29:36 that this phase in this phase the borderline is reckless she's aggressive she's violent she's acting out she's a
- 29:42 psychopath she's defined so it's it's all fluid and every
- 29:50 patient who has a personality disorder has all these elements and many more for example narcissists and border lines are
- 29:56 also paranoid they have paranoid ideation and they have skits phases where they
- 30:02 avoid reality avoid the environment they're skits in in that at
- 30:08 that moment so it's all wrong to demarcate it's everyone has everything everyone has the
- 30:15 potential for it the only question is is your personality functional and
- 30:21 relatively organized if not then you have everything you have narcissism you have
- 30:28 psychopath you have borderline you have schizoid you're paranoid you have schizotipal you name it all is there
- 30:39 um here the the topic of uh the malignant narcissist it's like uh people
- 30:46 really like to talk about that i was wondering uh what would distinguish a
- 30:53 malignant narcissist from a classical narcissist is it only um a matter of
- 31:00 sadism and psychopathy is there more to be um explained there
- 31:09 a malignant narcissist is someone who uses psychopathic traits and behaviors to obtain supply and to establish and preserve the shared fantasy in other words whereas a classical narcissist
- 31:21 would use persuasion charm superficial charm would use uh love bombing would
- 31:29 you would use language essentially classic narcissist would leverage language basically the malignant narcissist would would try to accomplish exactly the same malignant narcissist
- 31:41 would want to establish a fantasy and within the fantasy to obtain supply and be considered grandio and inflated and
- 31:47 so on but he would use the malignant toes would use coercion
- 31:53 aggression projection of power threats he would threaten so he he uses
- 31:59 psychopathic methods psychopathic strategies he has psychopathic traits and dynamics he's for example defiant he's reckless he is consummatious he hates authority he would use all this to
- 32:12 obtain classical narcissistic goals additionally the malignant narcissist
- 32:18 does enjoy inflicting pain on people there he derives he has he has what I
- 32:25 called what phrase that I coined sadistic supply he derives narcissistic
- 32:31 supply he's elated he's euphoric he's he feels omnipotent and so on he deres all
- 32:37 this by torturing people by hurting these are the difference classic
- 32:44 narcissist is not sadistic that's wrong that's nonsense online classic narcissists are not sadistic malignant narcissists are psychopaths are very commonly sadistic um and they're of course sadists who are not narcissists are not
- 33:00 psychopaths so they're just sadis okay thank you for clarifying that uh
- 33:06 there's so much information about this that sometimes it gets confusing but that's that's perfect um there's also
- 33:14 one topic you talk about that really intrigues me that is uh the inverted narcissist because it almost seems contradictory to me you know because as I understand it it shows also codependent traits um so could you
- 33:31 explain a little bit about the inverted narcissist yeah I think the best uh the best metaphor is the sun and the moon the moon the moon has a light but it's
- 33:44 not the moon's light it's the light of the sun reflected off the moon so the
- 33:51 moon reflects the sun's light the moon is the inverted narcissist the inverted narcissist teams up with an overt grandio narcissist the overt grandios narcissist
- 34:03 shines the overt grandio narcissist obtains attention adulation recognition
- 34:09 admiration and so on and the inverted narcissist basks in this borrowed
- 34:16 vicarious glory she and she the fact that the overt narcissist obtains supply
- 34:24 is her supply if he becomes famous and she is his wife for example then she's
- 34:30 the wife of a famous person it reminds me that in Germany in the 19th century the wives of doctors the wives
- 34:37 of medical doctors they were called fra doctor they were not doctors they were
- 34:44 they could have been you know housewives or servants or whatever but because the husband was a doctor you had to call her fra miss the doctor so this is the
- 34:56 inverted narcissist the inverted narcissist is a combination of codependent and um covert narcissist the
- 35:03 inverted narcissist is a narcissist who is unable to obtain supply by herself i'm saying her because majority of invetes are women she's unable to obtain
- 35:14 supply by herself because she's shy socially anxious or maybe has no skills or gifts she's simply plain not to say stupid she can't obtain
- 35:25 supply whatever the reason may be maybe socially it's not acceptable because she's a woman in some societies she's
- 35:32 not allowed to obtain supply it would be considered ostentatious and immoral or whatever the reason may be she cannot
- 35:40 obtain supply but she is a narcissist so she is in a constant state of collapse
- 35:46 collapse is when the narcissist cannot obtain supply on a regular basis so she's in state of collapse collapse is
- 35:52 unbearable intolerable because it creates a borderline personality organization borderline like dynamics in
- 35:59 the Narcissis suicidal ideiation depression emotional dysregulation it's unbearable so what this kind of person does she teams up with a successful
- 36:10 narcissist a narcissist who's accomplished narcissist who can make it he succeeds and she's there with him
- 36:19 enjoying his success and that gratifies her because she is dependent totally and
- 36:27 crucially on her grandio overt narcissist because of this monopoly that
- 36:35 her partner has on obtaining supply she becomes essentially addicted
- 36:41 and that is the codependent element she becomes dependent on him for the supply
- 36:47 it's like a relationship between junkie and pusher he provides her with the drugs she becomes dependent on him for
- 36:53 the drugs and she cannot let him go she's terrified of abandonment she's needy she's clinging she manipulates him
- 37:01 from the bottom manipulation for control from the bottom is when the codependent uses emotional blackmail emotional
- 37:09 extortion to modify the behaviors of her target or her partner that's what the inverted narcissist does so another name for inverted narcissist is narcissist codependent that's another name for that so codependent who is a failed uh
- 37:25 collapse narcissist and obtain supply through a narcissistic partner i think
- 37:31 you're about to disappear again your connection is not very
- 37:38 good okay so that's inverted narcissist is something I proposed in 1996 and today it is subsumed under the
- 37:47 umbrella term covert narcissist covert narcissist is a pretty new development by the way for well over a hundred years
- 37:54 we described only overt grandio narcissist in the late 80s there was a
- 38:00 group of scholars Akar Cooper others and they came up with the idea of a vulnerable shy fragile narcissist and now it is
- 38:12 considered to be one of two major types the overt grandio and the covert
- 38:18 vulnerable narcissist again this categorization this this constant
- 38:25 tendency to classify is good in physics i have a PhD in physics it's good in physics but it's
- 38:32 not good in psychology because for example we know that all narcissists transition between types cerebral
- 38:40 narcissist become somatic um overt narcissist become covert covert
- 38:46 narcissist become overt there's no type constancy why this illusion that we have two types
- 38:53 of narcissists because in clinical settings you are likely to come across
- 38:59 collapsed narcissists only narcissists who fail narcissists who are unable to obtain
- 39:05 supply they have a crisis they hit rock bottom they're you know they need you
- 39:11 you're likely as a clinician as a therapist you're likely to meet mainly or only covert narcissists whereas
- 39:18 academics uh they're likely to come across overt grandio narcissist so when an academic
- 39:26 speaks to a clinician the clinician says narcissists are vulnerable they're fragile the narcissism is a compensation it's compensatory but the academic says "What are you talking about you're completely wrong narcissists are happy golucky they are self-confident they are
- 39:42 egoonic it's all wrong." And they're arguing and they don't realize the covert narcissist that went to therapy used to be an overt narcissist who
- 39:54 collapsed so there's a the collapse mediates the transition between types it's the same human being same individual they just don't realize it because they see it's it's as if you had
- 40:05 two two scientists one of them is observing only larvae only larvae and the other one is
- 40:13 observing only butterflies and then you they talk to each other and the first guy says you
- 40:20 know all butterflies are round and they they they look like what are you talking about butterflies have wings it's the same entity the larvae the chrysalis and the butterfly they're the same it's one
- 40:32 organism but different phases different stages of of the life cycle or
- 40:38 development and unfortunately clinicians don't communicate well with academics and vice vice versa
- 40:47 people often say that narcissists don't go to therapy is that a myth is that a
- 40:53 lie depends again on on the phase yeah
- 40:59 uh a narcissist in principle would not attend therapy because it's not conducive to maintaining the fantasy and the inflated grandio self concept it's admitting not only that something is wrong with you but it is admitting that you need help
- 41:17 so if you need help you're not godlike it challenges the omnipotence not godlike so very unlikely however when
- 41:25 the narcissist experiences motification humiliation and shaming which is abrupt
- 41:31 unpredictable sudden when the narcissist hits rock bottom for example his wife
- 41:38 threatens to divorce him or something in these situations narcissists are as likely to attend
- 41:44 therapy as anyone else there is there are no studies that show that narcissists are more reluctant than
- 41:51 psychotics or border lines or bipolars to attend therapy it's just the therapy
- 41:58 is concentrated in a specific phase of life all narcissists without a single
- 42:04 exception go through difficult periods life crisis collapse threats and so on
- 42:10 and in these phases and only in these phases they are as likely to attend therapy as absolutely anyone else
- 42:17 however it is true that there is a difference when it comes to narcissists whereas healthy people would
- 42:26 go to therapy in order to feel better to function better to make some changes to transform
- 42:33 themselves and so on the narcissist would go to therapy to restore his
- 42:39 grandiosity and former self so the narcissist would expect you to be a mechanic something's wrong with the car
- 42:46 you have to fix the car but it should be the same car don't dare to change the car car is the same the narcissist uh
- 42:55 says for example I always used to get what I wanted you know his superficial
- 43:01 charm his magnetism his charisma i always but lately I keep failing could
- 43:07 you tell me how to how to go back to that state that I always got what I wanted could you fix me so it's about fixing not about transformation is about the restoration of the initial state of the boundary state not about personal
- 43:24 improvement or betterment or Okay um you often say that the the covert narcissist is is worse than the overt
- 43:38 um in what what way would it be worse what's the difference for example in a
- 43:44 relationship a covert narcissist is full of rage it's very very similar to the borderline borderline is a rage disorder model personality disord disorder the anger is
- 43:57 disproportionate inappropriate and uncontrollable same applies to the covert narcissist the covert narcissist
- 44:03 is full seething with anger rage paranoid ideiation all kinds
- 44:11 of conspiracy theories bitterness resentment he wants to kill and destroy
- 44:18 everything and everyone and because he's unable to express it in socially acceptable ways in other words unable to
- 44:25 sublimate this this effect he becomes passive aggressive he becomes u
- 44:33 underhanded he he he would sabotage you he would undermine you he would poison
- 44:40 you not physically maybe but he's toxic you see the overt narcissist
- 44:46 coming the overt narcissist are clowns basically they announce their they announce their
- 44:52 progress you see them coming and they're pretty straightforward about what they expect from you because they believe
- 44:59 that they are entitled to whatever it is that they are demanding from you they demand certain things and they think you
- 45:05 should give it to them it's your fault if you don't you should be punished if you don't but it's all
- 45:11 straightforward we call it in in philosophy overt text the text is overt
- 45:17 it's an open text you don't have to deconstruct the text there's nothing underneath it's what you see is what you
- 45:24 get that's absolutely not the case with the covert narcissist the text in this
- 45:30 case is hidden and not only don't you have access to the text but you are punished
- 45:38 you're punished because you don't have access to the text the covert narcissist denies you access to who he truly is
- 45:45 what he really wants how he you know his fantasies his dreams he denies you access to all these because it's humiliating to admit that you're a constant failure he denies you access to
- 45:56 this then he reframes reality he says "I I didn't get a promotion at work because
- 46:03 my colleagues envy me and they conspire against me." So he creates this paranoid conspiracy theories with within which you fit you're part of them and then he
- 46:14 punishes you and you don't know why you have no idea why he punishes you and he doesn't even punish you openly it's not a negotiating process a bargaining process he doesn't come and say "Listen
- 46:25 you didn't do this you didn't do that i'm going to punish you." It comes out of nowhere it's surreptitious it's
- 46:32 hidden it's subtle you can't prove it in most cases it's so this is really bad
- 46:38 it's like slow motion in toxicity
- 46:44 slow motion toxicity and there's no end to it the covert narcissist in principle
- 46:51 can become overt if the circumstances change and the environment changes so a covert can transition from one
- 46:57 environment to another and when he transitions to the other environment he becomes overt
- 47:03 we saw it in colonialism where white people who were scum they were criminals and garbage the trash of society when they immigrated to
- 47:15 Africa they became masters they became suddenly you know the elite this trash
- 47:22 human trash became the elite so in you see a situation where covert narcissist
- 47:29 when they change environment can become overt narcissist okay so this happens but as long as the covert is embedded in
- 47:36 his environment for example in his family with his workplace and so on they will do everything in their power to
- 47:43 punish you by destroying you and everything you care
- 47:49 for everything you hold dear everything you love it's um sabotage simply the most fitting word is sabotage
- 48:01 there's also the the matter of decompensation um sometimes you say that
- 48:07 uh when a narcissist a narcissist decompensates he becomes a primary
- 48:13 psychop um and also that happens or can happen for the borderline or even for
- 48:19 the psychopath uh how how do you explain that process what what happens sir
- 48:26 that's just a minor correction when an overt when an overt narcissist decompensates he becomes a borderline
- 48:33 okay and when a covert narcissist compensates he becomes a primary psychopath okay which which is another
- 48:39 reason why covert narcissists are much more dangerous um
- 48:45 decompensation is a theorized concept we didn't measure we didn't never capture
- 48:52 the conversation in laboratory yeah but it's a theoretical construct theoretical dynamic where s where a person is subjected to enormous stress anxiety and
- 49:03 tension challenges and crisis and so on and becomes overwhelming the person's capacity to cope is overwhelmed the person basically shuts down and
- 49:16 shuts down and initially by shutting down defense mechanisms because psychological defense mechanisms are the interface between us and the world that's why most psychological defense
- 49:28 mechanisms are ego functions they're functions of the ego because the ego is the
- 49:34 interface the ego interacts with reality mediates reality in Freud's work of
- 49:40 course that these are metaphors let it be clear there's no such thing as ego or super
- 49:46 ego these are metaphors but useful metaphors i find them useful so there is something that interacts with reality
- 49:53 why not call it ego yeah and the functions of ego many of them are known
- 50:00 as defense mechanisms so the ego shuts down because reality becomes intolerable
- 50:06 unbearable the ego is deactivated disabled because the ego is in touch with reality and keeps bringing pain keeps bringing frustration the more
- 50:17 you interact with reality the more unhappy you are the more hurt you are the more so you stop you cut yourself
- 50:23 off reality the only way to do this you disable the ego like turning a key in the switch disable the ego and all the
- 50:29 functions stop and all the most of the defense mechanism stop this is called decompensation
- 50:35 now when you decompensate you still have to function and you still have to interact with reality but you cannot
- 50:43 continue to inter interact with reality the way you were because it didn't work
- 50:49 the way you were proved to be dysfunctional problematic painful so you cannot continue the same way what you do instead you adopt another selfate this is the work of Philip Brome you adopt another self And in the case of for example the the
- 51:08 overt narcissist the grandio narcissist the grandio narcissism is decompensated
- 51:15 disabled and what is left behind is a borderline
- 51:21 otto Kernberg who is the father of the field suggested that pathological
- 51:27 narcissism is a defense against a borderline personality organization so
- 51:33 initially there's borderline and it's painful it's disregulated it's horrible it's volatile
- 51:40 it's terrifying and the individual a child actually creates pathological
- 51:46 narcissism which is a kind of primitive religion with the with the divinity the
- 51:52 false self imaginary friend if you wish and they protect against the borderline dynamics but when you take away the
- 51:59 narcissism what is left the borderline dynamics so when you take away the narcissism exposed is the borderline
- 52:06 behind like the wizard of o exposed similarly in covert
- 52:12 narcissism the covert narcissist is passive aggressive defiant cautumacious hates authority mhm
- 52:21 um and so if you take away the covert side the acting if you wish the
- 52:27 pretensions the faking if you take that away in the compensation process what's left behind is the
- 52:35 aggression unbridled undisguised aggression when the covert is covert the
- 52:42 aggression is passive passive aggression but when you take away the covert side
- 52:48 the covert camouflage what is left is just the aggression aggression is a good definition of psychopathy okay so you
- 52:55 have a psychopath and so on and so forth every every personality
- 53:01 disorder has a post collapse um post collapse post the compensation
- 53:10 uh manifestation which is another personality disorder i actually gave a lecture recent I gave a lecture a few
- 53:18 years ago sorry in um McGill University not a lecture a colloquium I gave a
- 53:24 colloquium in McGill University and I proposed a periodic table like Mandel
- 53:30 you know the y periodic table of personality disorders so that each personality disorder transitions to another personality disorder when there's a collapse when there is a
- 53:41 crisis when there is the compensation there is transition from this personality disorder to this and from this to this exactly like the elements
- 53:48 in nature so that's more or less the the picture okay thank you so much one one last thing uh yes I'm sorry just to so in my model all personality
- 54:02 disorder disorders come in pairs not one but always
- 54:09 two always two so that the second one is the default of the first one in case of collapse narcissism comes with borderline covert narcissism with psychopathy psychopathy with narcissism
- 54:22 when the psychopath collapses he becomes narcissist he becomes grandio he he develops a fantasy we see it a lot in prisons when psychopaths are challenged or humiliated and so on they become extreme narcissists they are super
- 54:38 grandiose they are godlike there are so in my theory there there are pairs of
- 54:45 personalities or diads or duality of personality disorders you don't have a single one ever but always there is a
- 54:52 fallback option a default option in case you fail with the primary you have the secondary
- 54:58 that makes so much sense okay um doctor we are 1 hour in i don't know if you have time for a couple more questions yes with pleasure yes call me call me sir okay thank you sir
- 55:13 um I understand that uh narcissistic personality disorder uh is not treatable
- 55:20 but I was wondering about uh what happens with a narcissistic style is
- 55:26 there hope for people that have a narcissistic style well there's two questions actually um narcissistic Yeah narcissistic
- 55:37 personality disorder um is not treatable but narcissistic
- 55:43 behaviors can be modified mhm we have had a lot of success with specific
- 55:49 treatment modalities um including schema therapy and so on transactional analysis and so on we've
- 55:56 had a lot of success with 10 15 treatment modalities in modifying narcissistic
- 56:02 behaviors when you give the narcissist the right incentive the narcissist is very likely to alter modify behaviors although the behavior modification never
- 56:13 persists and you need to do it all over again it's again you know but still you can
- 56:21 let me give you a simple example you can leverage the narcissist's grandiosity in order to induce behavior modification in the narcissist for example you can tell the narcissist I
- 56:32 don't believe you can do that even you I I don't think you can do that and just
- 56:38 to prove to you how wrong you are and is capable of doing it he will change his behavior so you Narcissists are children these are people whose mental age is 2
- 56:49 three years old and so it's easy to manipulate them nasis are very gullible very manipulable so in therapy you can
- 56:57 modify behaviors but you cannot touch the core okay n I keep saying we call it
- 57:03 narcissistic personality disorder the only way to fix it is to get rid of the personality can you ever do that we still don't know how to do that what is
- 57:14 it personality implant what exactly you're going to do personality surgery it's nonsense the personality by
- 57:21 definition is who you are so if who you are is disordered you're disordered for life end of story you can of course modify behaviors you can even modify certain dynamics for
- 57:33 example dialectical behavior therapy has has had success in modifying certain
- 57:40 borderline personality disorder dynamics so yeah you can but it's limited very
- 57:47 limited um with regards to so this is with regards to narcissistic style is simply a set a set of behaviors
- 58:01 um and traits that are subclinical in other words they don't amount to a
- 58:07 clinical diagnosis so these are people who are obnoxious exploitative disempathic
- 58:14 insensitive hyper hypervigilant hyper sensitive to criticism ISM aggressive
- 58:20 and so on so forth and therapy or intervention treatment
- 58:27 modalities of this and that kind can definitely be very useful and helpful in
- 58:33 this mhm so for example in anger management classes we come across many narcissists
- 58:41 and psychopaths more their proportion in anger management classes is much higher than in the general population and yet anger management is
- 58:54 very successful it's one of the most successful interventions in clinical psychology um
- 59:01 DBT is very successful so uh we know that if you if you are dealing with a
- 59:08 person who has only narcissistic style this person doesn't have the impediments
- 59:14 and obstacles to change in narcissistic personality disorder you don't have a functioning
- 59:20 self because the formation of of the self was disrupted in early childhood
- 59:26 you have an insecure attachment style severely insecure attachment style you have an inability to tell the difference between external and internal objects
- 59:37 you are psychotic in this sense that's not some vakning that's autober you I mean the damage is severe
- 59:45 severe you don't have any of this in people with narcissistic style they have
- 59:51 a functioning self they can tell the difference between reality and fantasy they can tell the difference between external and internal they know exactly
- 59:58 what they're doing they know the consequences of what they're doing they know why they're doing what they're doing it's much easier to work with them
- 60:05 much easier to work with them they they don't reframe all the time they don't subject everything to the fantasy they
- 60:11 don't coers they I mean they coers but it's not a integral part of the fantasy so it's much easier to work with them i think the critical key to success in with these people is the fact that
- 60:23 they're grounded in reality mhm when you're grounded in reality that the clinician can construct a system of incentives system of incentives which
- 60:34 would yield behavior modification when you're not grounded in reality and you have to work from within the
- 60:41 fantasy it's a major problem because the fantasy usually is self-defeating and
- 60:48 self-destructive by definition because it's divorced from reality how how self-efficacious can you be you can't be
- 60:55 efficient when you're divorced from reality selfdefeating so if when you collaborate as a clinician with a with a
- 61:01 narcissist fantasy you're actually collaborating or colluding with his own
- 61:08 self-destruction there's a ethical dilemma here do you continue to pretend that the fantasy is real m is when you
- 61:16 do as a clinician you are lying to your patient and you are but on the other hand if you control the fantasy head on
- 61:23 nothing good will come out of it so it's narcissist untreatable whereas people with narcissistic style absolutely treatable with very good prognosis
- 61:35 okay um some people try to go to couple therapy to
- 61:42 uh sort of save the relationship would this be beneficial in any sense you can
- 61:48 as I said you can modify the narcissist behaviors if he has abrasive behaviors unpleasant aggressive behaviors
- 61:54 antisocial behaviors you can modify all these make life easier with a narcissist in a couple okay of course okay but
- 62:01 it'll be shortterm let's say 2 months 3 months 6 months six months is a major accomplishment okay and you have to come
- 62:08 back to couple therapy every few months for maintenance sessions and you never know when the narcissist
- 62:15 is going to come up with a new fantasy because fantasies are not fixed people think that the sh fantasy is a fixed it's not fixed at all it's an evolving
- 62:22 narrative it's reminiscent of a soap opera there's always a new chapter with something you know so a behavior
- 62:29 modification which was induced by one fantasy could completely disappear once there's a new fantasy i'll give you an example in the initial phase of the shared fantasy the narcissist
- 62:40 idealizes the intimate partner the narcissist creates an image of the
- 62:46 intimate partner as a perfect being she can do no wrong she is drop deadad gorgeous she's hyper intelligent she's
- 62:53 unprecedented she's amazing she's fascinating da da da so using this we
- 62:59 can modify the narcissist's behavior but then later in the shared fantasy the narcissist devalues the intimate partner suddenly she's an enemy stupid ugly can
- 63:12 do no right etc and as you can imagine owing to the change in perception of the
- 63:18 intimate partner all the accomplishments of the initial couple therapy disappear
- 63:25 because now the narcissist has an incentive to misbehave all the agreements all the therapeutic
- 63:31 alliances all the contracts all the communication protocols I mean you can throw it to the garbage because the
- 63:38 intimate partner has changed as far as a narcissist is concerned when you talk to the narcissist and says "Listen we had
- 63:45 an agreement that you will never do this again why did you do this?" He would say "Because she changed she's no longer the
- 63:53 same person she she's now my enemy she's conspiring against me she's hostile
- 63:59 she's you know so it's a cysifian effort in the sense that every two months you
- 64:06 have to sit with a narcissist and reinvent the wheel and maybe it's going to work maybe it's not going to work
- 64:12 there's no couple with the narcissist so there's no couple therapy the narcissist is not in a couple you're not the
- 64:19 narcissist's intimate partner narcissist don't do intimacy and they don't do partnership you are the narcissist's
- 64:26 insignificant other you're a service provider your service provider and your
- 64:32 main service is to preserve the fantasy and butress it and support it and it is
- 64:38 up to the narcissist to rewrite and reframe the fantasy actually the fantasy
- 64:44 is a life of its own but it's happening in the narcissist mind so it's out of your hands you know I hear I I listen to
- 64:52 victims saying "If I only had done this if I only didn't do this if I only behaved this it's
- 64:58 nonsense." The fantasy controls the narcissist it's an inexurable machinery
- 65:04 set in motion by a trigger and from that moment on there's nothing you can do and
- 65:11 nothing he can do and definitely nothing a clinician can do
- 65:17 some victims get out of their relationship thinking they are the narcissist um how would you explain that what happens there they're possibly right because uh narcissism is contagious and the narcissist triggers in you exposure
- 65:33 to narcissism triggers in you narcissistic defenses a reduction in empathy psychopathic behaviors so you
- 65:41 become much more aggressive much less empathic much less compassionate much more conniving and conspiring and
- 65:48 scheming much more much more narcissist so yeah you spend 10 years with a
- 65:54 narcissist the only way to survive is to outnarize the narcissist there's no other way if you continue to be nice and
- 66:02 kind and pleasant and empathic and so on your life expectancy will be considerably shortened trust me so yes
- 66:10 there is influence there is contagion and the suspicion the feeling that victims have that they have lost their
- 66:18 earthwile identity their previous identity they say I don't recognize myself i don't believe I've done this i
- 66:24 can't believe I've done this i They're shocked they're shocked because they've acquired a new identity it's a process
- 66:31 known as entrainment yes it's not a conspiracy theory it's actually a branch
- 66:37 in neuroscience entrainment is is the use of repetitive rhythmical sounds to
- 66:44 induce a synchronization of two or more brains the narcissist's verbal abuse is usually
- 66:51 very rhythmic very repetitive very reminiscent of a liturgy or a prayer
- 66:58 like a mantra if you record a narcissist over the years you see that it's very much like a mantra so it induces some kind of synchronization of of the of the brains control brainwashing entrainment he changes you is what I'm trying to say
- 67:14 the narcissist changes you he also installs in your mind an app he puts
- 67:20 inside your mind an introject a voice that keeps talking to you long after the narcissist is physically gone long after
- 67:27 the nar is out of your life that voice is with you introjection it's an introject exactly like your mother your
- 67:34 father did to you it's normal introjection is a normal healthy adaptive good process but the narcissist
- 67:41 abuses this process to install in your mind a controlling harshly
- 67:47 criticizing mildly sadistic voice that puts you down takes you down
- 67:53 the only defense against all these monopolies of techniques is to become resilient to become hard to harden yourself become hard not to become
- 68:05 aggressive to push back to not be so empathy if you empathize with the Naris
- 68:12 it's a weakness it's a vulnerability he will he will take advantage of it so you lose your
- 68:18 empathy you can't by the way people think they can disable empathy with one person and remain empathic with others
- 68:25 no it's an extensive trait if you reduce empathy with one person you find that
- 68:31 you have lost your empathy with everyone else that is what happens to soldiers when soldiers go to war they say "I'm
- 68:38 I'm going to be dismpathic only with the enemy." Then they come back home and they kill someone because
- 68:44 it's it's an extensive property so narcissists I keep saying that
- 68:50 narcissism is a religion for various reasons the false self is a
- 68:56 is a lot like God and the narcissist worships the false self and merges with the false self but there's another aspect narcissism exactly like religion converts people it's missionary the narcissist tries to convert you to
- 69:13 the new cult to the new religion it tries to make you a believer that it's a faith and so gradually it's exactly like cult it's a cult so you
- 69:26 become a cult member and you know when people leave cults or when they're taken out of cults by force you have to deprogram them there's debriefing
- 69:37 there's deprogramming it's a long process yeah that I got just one more question
- 69:45 that that was uh what I was going to ask you um it's about healing uh from this
- 69:51 process right you you often talk about things like silencing the narcissist voice or concepts like embarring know
- 69:58 working with the body is there um anything else people that are going
- 70:04 through prolonged grief for example uh can do for for healing
- 70:12 i will answer them in a strange way first of all on my on my YouTube channel
- 70:18 there is a playlist it's titled narcissistic abuse healing and recovery contains well over 100 videos i think about three or 400 hours it is
- 70:29 structured like a course like a no like so you watch the first then you watch the second you watch the third it leads you and so on another thing is that on
- 70:41 May 22nd between May 22nd and May 25th I'm having a three days free completely
- 70:47 free seminar in Scopia the beautiful capital of North Macedonia everyone is
- 70:54 invited and the seminar deals with evidence-based scientific or science-based healing and recovery from
- 71:01 narcissistic abuse so rather than go through everything go to the playlist watch the videos and if you're so inclined you can afford it and you have time come to the seminar you're very
- 71:13 welcome and um it's free you know um and
- 71:19 spend three days three and a half days actually learning all the what what modern science has to say neuroscience and so on so there would be in the seminar material that is actually not
- 71:30 available on the playlist because after all there are limitations to what I can do on YouTube so the seminar is a bit more um grounded in science and a bit
- 71:42 more um academic I can say okay but we have a pretty good idea how to how to work with victims of of abuse and narcissistic abuse and the prognosis is
- 71:55 very good however it might prove to be a long process and you may have to go through
- 72:03 very difficult times so there good news and bad news
- 72:11 you're not the same person you've been you're not the same person you've been exposed to a force of nature you've been
- 72:18 exposed to something religious people call it evil so you have Scott you have Scott Peek and you have
- 72:26 uh Jordan Peterson and they use the word evil we don't use the word evil in clinical psychology uh people say possession or demons because they don't have any other words and any other vocabulary or
- 72:38 language it's a rough tough possibly the worst imaginable type of abuse that's
- 72:45 why I g I gave it a new name i coined the phrase narcissistic abuse because I
- 72:51 thought that it stands apart from all other types of abuse and so you can't expect to go through something like this and then in 3 days of therapy or with two pills to fully recover and heal and
- 73:04 go happy smiling and you can't expect this if you have lived with a narcissist for a year probably you would need a
- 73:11 year if you've lived with a narcissist for 10 years you may need 10 years okay but rest assured you will you
- 73:20 will you will not be the same person ever again but you will recover you will
- 73:26 be functioning you will be happy and you will heal this this is what the statistics show i've been doing this for 30 years so yeah I think I know what I'm talking about
- 73:38 sam thank you so much for your time for your for your insight and the information it's been a pleasure having
- 73:45 this conversation with you thank you take care you're in Peru aren't you yeah yeah I am in Peru in in Lima i'm in Kusco right now the Sacred Valley
- 73:56 yeah okay bye-bye thank you byebye thank you