Tip: click a paragraph to jump to the exact moment in the video. Shameful Core of Covert Narcissist: Inferior Vulnerability Compensated

1. 00:02 by now everyone and his dog know that there are two types of narcissists one is grandiose overt has silver hair and Eyeglasses and wears black that’s the grandiose over hypnosis and the other type is the covert vulnerable shy fragile narcissist
2. 00:28 often pretending to not be a narcissist but a victim and so we’re going to discuss shame and the role of shame in these twin pathologies because covert narcissism is increasingly being singled out as the only form of true narcissism it’s highly compensatory
3. 00:52 it tries to somehow outweigh and balance an innate sense of inferiority and inability to regulate self-worth internally while overt or grandiose narcissism involves very crucial and very dominant anti-social behaviors and traits to the point that some Scholars are saying well
4. 01:19 overt grandiose narcissists they’re just a subspecies of psychopaths they are a form of antisocial personality disorder covert narcissists are the only real narcissists and I have a video dedicated to this ongoing Cutting Edge or bleeding edge debate in the study of narcissism
5. 01:41 but today shamefully and this gracefully we are going to discuss shame and its role in the psychogenesis of narcissism part of the etiology and how it affects the behaviors of narcissists in adult life my name is avakinin I’m a former visiting professor of psychology and a
6. 02:07 current professor of Finance I’m also the author of malignant self-love narcissism Revisited the book that started it all in the book which was first to describe narcissistic abuse a phrase icoin okay enough with self-bragging and self-congratulatory statements just get
7. 02:31 to the point will you it’s already two and a half minutes people people don’t have that much attention span not in today’s age I want to start with a much forgotten much neglected shamefully article it’s titled shame and its relationship to early narcissistic developments by f
8. 02:51 brusek b-r-o-u-c-e-k it was published in the international Journal of psychoanalysis 1982 now there’s a detailed bibliography in the description this video is essentially a lecture it’s a literature review in effect so we start with literature what else I
9. 03:14 would like to read to you the entire summary of this excellent article the author says primitive shame experiences may occur in the first one and a half years of life before objective self-consciousness is acquired these experiences occur in the context
10. 03:35 of Interest Joy or excitement when inefficacy experiences or unexpected events result in a sudden attenuation of such positive effects what he’s trying to say I think is that the kid has a joyful experience an amazing experience an exciting experience but then is
11. 03:58 unable to function in this experience and feels ashamed for its own inadequacy and so this reduces dims dims the glow of the experience okay um I’m continuing to quote shame says the author seems always to involve an element of cognitive shock a discrepancy between expectation and
12. 04:22 actuality the link between shame and the instinctual drives is not as simple as many people assume and the view of Shame is a reaction formation is rejected in this article game experiences disrupt the silent automatic functioning of the sense of self
13. 04:40 and shame is therefore considered to be the basic form of unpleasure in disturbances of narcissism the grandiose self is viewed as an evolving compensatory formation instigated in large part by primitive shame experiences objective self-awareness established
14. 05:02 around 18 to 24 months brings with it a shame crisis this crisis is particularly significant for the child with a developing grandiose self AKA faucet the ego’s recognition of the discrepancy between the grandiosem and objectively derived Notions about the actual self
15. 05:25 produces shame inducing cognitive shock the brand yourself is either Incorporated in the central sector of the personality which then refuses to recognize negatively toned information about the actual cell or else the central sector refuses recognition of the grandiosevelt leading
16. 05:47 to a dissociation of the grandiose depending on which defensive path is taken a different narcissistic personalities subtype is established an excellent introduction to our topic shame is much more prevalent much more dominant and has much more important
17. 06:06 Dynamic functions in vulnerable narcissism covert narcissism then in the grandiose type another excellent reason to consider the possibility that we are mislabeling multiple phenomena multiple unrelated phenomena is pathological narcissism but what is shame let’s discuss the
18. 06:29 essence and nature of Shame by the way I encourage you to watch four other videos I’ve made about shame two of which deal with the work of Lydia vangelovskan in this film but today it’s a literature review okay what is shame first of all shame is an emotion it’s an emotion
19. 06:49 it’s very potent it’s a very powerful or overpowering overwhelming emotion in short shame is a dysregulatory emotion we are beginning to see we’re beginning to see the interface between shame and borderline personality disorder borderline personality disorder is an
20. 07:14 emotion dysregulation disorder and shame dysregulates emotions big time it has a social component you’re ashamed in the face of people in front of people so there is a relational element in shame and it arises after a negative event or a perceived negative event or
21. 07:38 even an anticipated negative event a referral to our articles by Lewis in the early 1970s 1971 onwards shame is also associated with psychopathology an interpersonal difficulty see work by tangney endearing 2002 shame we now know but angler was the first to point it out
22. 08:05 shame is closely associated and often confused with inferiority and embarrassment but they’re not the same thing shame is not only about feeling inferior because you can feel inferior and adjust yourself to it adapt to it accept it somehow cognitive dissonance can be resolved
23. 08:29 shame is also not embarrassment embarrassment is fleeting it’s contextual it’s social it’s not deep and it doesn’t remain with you not for long at least a cringy moment is a moment shame is deep shame is usually lifelong the shame defines you this is why shame
24. 08:54 is intimately linked to narcissism because we all have healthy narcissists when it is Tainted by or contaminated with shame we are beginning to see a different form of narcissism emerging vulnerable narcissism I refer you to Studies by Kane 2008 Rita and allies 2014
25. 09:17 labor and berenbaum 2012 and others so we are now transitioning from shame to vulnerable narcissism and from vulnerable narcissism can we continue the transition to the grandiose overt type used to be called at the time the phallic narcissism type I like that very erotic well
26. 09:42 not so fast not so fast there is not so fast you know narcissism um can be classified by a number of distinct intrap-psychic qualities and behaviors so we have narcissism that involves exaggerated and exaggerated sense of self-importance entitlement and need form for admiration
27. 10:05 from others a lack of empathy even the latest sex revision of the fifth edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual recognize this recognizes this so that we have this this type of narcissism and I would call it stereotypical narcissism it’s a kind of
28. 10:23 narcissism that you see in movies a-hors and jerks and people with narcissistic style are often miscast mislabeled and misdescribed as narcissists when they’re not they are not because narcissism is a distinct clinical entity now it is described as personality disorder
29. 10:44 prior to that it was described as a defense mechanism gun or eye and I hope that in the future narcissism will be empty captured and described as a post-traumatic condition that’s a work I’ve been doing for the last 15 years trying to recast
30. 11:03 narcissism as a post-traumatic condition so there is a continuum of personality traits and attendant behaviors from narcissistic style all the way down to narcissistic personality disorder and the big revolution which started in around 1989 with Cooper akhtar and
31. 11:24 Cooper the big revolution is to realize that there are two types of narcissism and an even bigger Revolution is happening now when where we start to speculate or realize that these two types actually don’t have much in common and one of the main differential
32. 11:40 differential factors is shame so we do have this distinction between normal and pathological narcissism we do have this distinction between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism Kane Pinkus and cell in 2008 Kaufman Weiss Miller and Campbell in 2018 Pinkus look whiskey
33. 12:00 in 2010 and I can go on and on they all made these distinctions and it’s clear that both the grandios and the vulnerable types of narcissism do have some core features in common such as entitlement interpersonal antagonism see work by Dickinson and Pincus in 2003 Wink in
34. 12:20 1990 as early as 1991. but these features also occur in borderline personality disorder even in in the manic phrase of bipolar disorder in many forms of anti-social personality disorders psychopathy included etc etc so in other words the fact
35. 12:42 that two presentations of mental illness share the same the same features the same core features doesn’t make them one and the same vulnerable narcissism is distinguishable and should be distinguished from grandiose narcissism because vulnerable narcissism involves
36. 13:03 elements that no self-respecting overt grandiose narcissist would ever display in public hypersensitivity a sense of emptiness socially avoidant coping and ladies and gentlemen shame cane and allies 2008 pink asset Al 2009
37. 13:26 so vulnerable narcissism is associated with negative effectivity grandiose narcissism is not vulnerable narcissism is ego dystonic grandiose narcissism is ego syntonic these are not minor differences the vulnerable narcissist experiences negative emotions all the time including
38. 13:52 shame and guilt and anger and above all Envy the grandiose narcissist does but much less so so much less so that he has almost nothing in common with the vulnerable narcissist who is seething and passive aggressively tries to destroy everything and everyone around him
39. 14:14 now the grandiose narcissist is ego syntonic he feels good with himself he’s comfortable in his own skin he regards himself as a success he’s a winner the covert narcissist the vulnerable fragile China is the name implies shy and vulnerable and fragile and
40. 14:35 self-negating and extremely self-critical sadistically self-critical
41. 14:43 there’s a lot of research that Associated vulnerable narcissism with Shame Shame is an emotion that results from a negative evaluation of the stable Global self whatever that means or self-states in my work so this negative evaluation of oneself is elicited by perceived failure
42. 15:07 we have worked by Lewis which dates back to 1971 tankney endearing in 2002 and others the vulnerable narcissist perceives himself as a loser and a failure is unable to affect this self-perception he’s unable to emotionally invest in this perception in short the vulnerable
43. 15:32 narcissism is unable to feel proud of his losses and failures is unable to imbue them with grandiosity and this causes negative self-evaluation I would even say self-negation self-hatred self-loathing and a lot of Shame now we distinguish between explicit shame and implicit
44. 15:58 shame explicit shame is the deliberative reflected emotional response towards negative evaluations of the self it is assessed with direct self-report measures usually first time it’s been described was Lewis 1971. I have made I have suggested additional distinctions a taxonomy
45. 16:20 classification of Shame but I will not go into it right now with this video for A change is not about me and my work it’s about other people’s work if you’re interested in my contributions to the study of Shame as I said there are four other videos
46. 16:35 Lydia rangeloska also contributed so just go to these four other videos which is chat go to the search function on my channel type shame and immediately for other videos with my ugly mug face will appear back to others and their work this is explicitly implicit shame
47. 16:58 is an automatic overlearned I would even say conditioned operand condition presumably unconscious emotional response it is assessed with indirect measures I refer you to work by Greenwald and banaji 1995 Fazio and Tower schwen in 1999 Pelham and hits
48. 17:21 1999 Rush at allies 2007 etc etc so
49. 17:27 let’s summarize again explicit shame deliberative emotional response result of negative evaluation of the self implicit shame automatic conditioned emotional response towards um negative evaluation that is unconscious okay shame is associated with body postures
50. 17:52 we all know this the body appears smaller we’re trying to minimize our body it’s like we don’t want to be a big Target we want to be a small Target this is head movements very typical of Shame head tilting down or to the side covering the face with the hand down
51. 18:08 cast eye gaze this body movement this body language elements have been cataloged by Keltner and buswell in 1996 and so by studying the body language of the grandiose of Earth narcissists we can already tell that he is extremely rarely if ever ashamed not so the vulnerable
52. 18:33 or fragile or covert narcissist the vulnerable notices is almost always ashamed his body language is a minimizing body language it’s an avoidant body right it’s a body language it says I know that I’m a POS I know that I’m a loser I’m not that I’m
53. 18:54 failure I know that I’m not worthy of your attention and I hate it I hate it because deep inside I think that I’m wonderful I think that I’m amazing and present and unique I think I’m an unrecognized genius I even think that I’m attractive and I
54. 19:13 hate you all for not paying attention to me and not noticing my uniqueness and superiority but there’s nothing I can do about it and the fact that there’s nothing I can do about it make me makes me feel very ashamed of myself and this is a very important distinction
55. 19:34 the vulnerable narcissist shame doesn’t emanate only from a negative self-evaluation this shame reflects the not the vulnerable narcissist inadequacy lack of self-efficacy did vulnerable narcissist is really sucks at extracting beneficial outcomes from
56. 20:02 the environment especially in including the human environment I don’t know he lacks social graces he doesn’t know how to behave he is passive aggressive and therefore much hated derided and decried whatever the reason may be it’s he can’t he doesn’t manage well
57. 20:22 he doesn’t make friends he’s not supported he is hated and is underappreciated in many cases actually so and he hates this and he feels ashamed because of his own inability to bond attach communicate function Etc
58. 20:45 initially the narcissistic personality disorder first made its appearance in the Third Edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual It Was 1980 and at that time it was large it was very heavily influenced by psychoanalytic theory and psychoanalytic theory described
59. 21:08 shame as a core emotion in narcissistic Psychopathology I refer you to the seminal work by Morrison 1983. but um Morrison was a phenomenologist he just described what he saw he observed and described his observations the guy who provided a kind of depth to
60. 21:31 the study of Shame and its connection to narcissism was called Heinz code in 1971 and 1977. code regarded shame as a prominent clinical feature in pathological narcissism and by the way kohout coined the phrase narcissistic personality disorder according to code
61. 21:51 children carry egocentric narcissistic needs and these are tempered through empathic realistic mirroring by the parents so the children of narcissist but the parents love them and empathize with them and help them to kind of grow grow through the
62. 22:12 narcissistic phase and away from the narcissism into well-developed object relations so the empathic mirroring of the pair parent coupled with reality testing the parent provides reality testing these are crucial in the transition from primary narcissism childhood infantile
63. 22:34 narcissism to adult adult healthy narcissism code said that repeated negative parental evaluations in childhood lead to increased shame reactivity in narcissistic patients he said that if the parents responses are not empathic the narcissistic patient never moves Beyond earlier
64. 22:57 narcissistic developmental states that are characterized by narcissistic needs for example the need for excessive attention entitlement according to kogut’s Theory individuals with pathological narcissism avoid shame and they avoid shame because it’s an experience that
65. 23:18 threatens the very fabric equilibrium and cohesion of the narcissists precariously balanced disorganized chaotic personality so nurses avoids him nicest narcissists avoid shame at any cost and they do this by reacting with rage and if rage doesn’t work they withdraw
66. 23:42 kanberg who worked the same time a contemporaneous contemporary of code in 1975 kernberg hypothesized that narcissistic patients suffer from negative interactions with primary nurturing figures so we agreed with code both of them attribute wrong parenting
67. 24:03 not good enough parenting to must to the emergence of theological narcissism in adulthood but Canberra disagreed with code convert did not consider pathological narcissism as a normal developmental stage instead kernberg proposed that negative parental interaction
68. 24:23 Fosters narcissistic features that are characterized by unconscious negative self-representations and these are strongly connected to the experience of explicit shame but today kernberg’s version is the Orthodoxy actually so even according to Jung narcissism is
69. 24:46 healthy the old linked narcissism to a process called introversion and according to karenburg as well narcissism is healthy it’s the parental influence malignant parenting if you wish wrong bad parenting not empathic not listening not loving or conditionally loving not caring and
70. 25:09 parenting that isolates the child from the world not allowing the child to interact with the world and therefore impairing reality testing all these kinds of dysfunctional parenting Styles they’re the ones said karenberg and long before karenberg Jung and many others being in
71. 25:27 country and many others of course um all of them said that parents bad parents make narcissists it’s they they disputed they disagreed with code that all children are pathological narcissists the analysis is but they they are healthy narcissists only the
72. 25:47 parents can render them pathological so in later life acquired grandiose self-representations according to kernberg May conflict with implicit feelings of inferiority that are strongly connected to effective experiences of Shame a Campbell describes a Battlefield
73. 26:06 between the false Grandeur self and an innate inferiority complex and innate sensation of Shame there’s a war between these two but today we know that this war um is dynamically active and relevant only in vulnerable narcissism in covert narcissism
74. 26:32 in the grandiose overt version of narcissism the battle had been decided in favor of the false self in favor of grandiosity and shame is suppressed narcissistic patients said karenberg use defense mechanisms that limit the feelings of explicit shame in response to failures and so
75. 26:55 when we look at psychoanalytic theories we realize that these people attribute to the huge weight to shame in the formation of narcissism and later on in adult narcissism social psychology does basically the same theories from social psychology that
76. 27:17 focus on self-regulatory processes um they they regard narcissism is a failure in self-regulation the same way we regard borderline personality disorder is a failure in self-regulation emotional dysregulation is a failure in self-regulation so Scholars like morph
77. 27:42 in 2001 others said that narcissism is literally indistinguishable from borderline in both cases there’s a self-regulatory failure that’s precisely what kernberg had been saying uh since 1975 narcissism and borderline a flip side of the same near psychotic
78. 28:04 coin they both involve extreme self-destregulation shame is the central emotional component in self-destregulation Studies by Tracy Robinson 2004 and others according to these theories shame as well as guilt is elicited when an individual attributes the cause of the negative event
79. 28:28 to an internal Factor if this is known as autoplastic defense my failure might defeat my loser status is because I’m not good enough I mean adequate and broken and damaged and lacking something’s wrong with me and I refer you to studies again Louis 1971 tracing
80. 28:51 Robbins 2004 Etc so shame and Gill are elicited by a common set of cognitive processes shame involves negative feelings about the dispositional internal stable and Global self while guilt involves specific internal attribution patterns in response to
81. 29:11 failures I refer you to Tampines 2002 a game tracing Robins Hassan Ohio realize 2012 and so on but those of you who are not those of you who are still awake would ask but hold it for a minute um narcissists both grandiose and covert they have arnoplastic defenses they
82. 29:42 blame other people for their own mishaps mistakes failures and defeats they never blame themselves so according to these theories shame is the outcome of blaming yourself one way or another either you blame your the totality of yourself you say I am
83. 30:03 not good enough I am lacking I am inadequate or you blame specific traits or attributes of yourself so according to this theories shame arises only when you have autoblastic defenses when you take responsibility too much responsibility for bad things that are
84. 30:23 happening to you so this is not typical of narcissists this is anti-narcissism the opposite of narcissism this is essentially neurosis so how to reconcile these two
85. 30:38 according to these theories and to remind you I’m talking about social social psychology theories yes according to this series individuals who tend to frequently engage in internal Global attributions when they experience negative events a more shame Pro yes I said it before and
86. 30:59 those who make more specific internal attributions when they experience a negative event are more guilt prone okay but how do you reconcile this with narcissism when all narcissists blame others they never blame themselves they’re never self-criticize
87. 31:16 to the point of admitting responsibility assuming responsibility and ownership of their misdeeds misconduct misbehavior so Tracy and Robin’s 2004 proposed that the experience of shame but not guilt is the central feature of narcissistic individuals
88. 31:35 what they said is that increased shame promeness increased proneness to shame in narcissistic individuals is related to discrepancies in self-esteem so the verbally expressed grandiose self contradicts the unconscious feelings of insecurity and inferiority
89. 31:56 one of the thing is narcissism is a facade it’s a facade it’s compensatory it’s fake it’s a theater play it’s a movie it’s not real it’s a piece of fiction it’s an attempt to create a false Grant yourself to compensate for the reality of insecurity and inferiority
90. 32:23 and so this tension between the two this contrast between the public view of the narcissist and how he really feels inside this gives rise to shame they say that narcissistic individuals are more self-focused and they use different regulation strategies to prevent
91. 32:42 unconscious feelings of low self-esteem from becoming explicit and so they experience um they experience exclusive shame but a lot less they than they would have done normally had been not used for example grandiosity as a regulatory mechanism so they appraise negative events as
92. 33:08 irrelevant to their identity goals or they attribute failure externally and they become angry and aggressive these are all strategies and techniques to avoid the inner realization and the internal conviction that it’s actually something’s wrong with you
93. 33:28 what these Scholars are saying deep inside narcissists no that something is wrong with them but they deny this to the point that they begin to believe their own lies they become grandiose aggressive angry resentful in order to not experience the shame of who they truly are
94. 33:50 many empirical studies they demonstrate that shame is much more maladaptive than guilt so in order to function The Narcissist needs to suppress shame it’s very dangerous because it’s personality is disorganized and anything could shatter the narcissist’s mirror
95. 34:13 the narcissist’s so-called personality is so dysfunctional so badly put together that an emotion like shame can ruin it overnight and drive the narcissist possibly to psychosis several studies provide evidence that shame and psychiatric impairment generally are strongly associated
96. 34:39 Andrews connected shame to depression in 1995. um the same guy connected shame to post-traumatic stress disorder in 2000 Browning connected shame to social phobia in 2005. uh worsh and others connected shame to borderline personality disorder in 2007.
97. 35:03 um uji and others connected shame to a reaction after negative life events in 2012. and weissmann de mamani connected chain to caregivers distress in 2010 etc etc shame is intimately connected strongly connected with many many forms of mental illness and mental disorders
98. 35:28 but the current clinical conceptualization of pathological narcissism also propose a regulatory ecological model so if we look at work by Horowitz in 2009 kernberg in 2009 running Stone in 2010 they all proposed that pathological narcissism has something to do with this regulation
99. 35:52 and you know the narcissist can deny that something is wrong with him only that much up to a point when this point is reached The Narcissist faces a Maelstrom a tsunami of Shame anyhow narcissistic deformation of narcissism reflects the Deep shame of the abused child
100. 36:19 it’s a shame on multiple levels not having stood for himself child feels ashamed not having separated from the maternal figure and individuated the child feels shame the child Grieves over not having become not having actualized his potentials there’s a lot
101. 36:42 of the many reasons for the shame in narcissism even in early childhood and this shame is life-threatening it’s annihilating and the narcissist needs to bury deep and that’s what the narcissist does in any form of dysregulation threatens this threatens to break open the dam and
102. 37:10 all this Waters of Shame will flood The Narcissist in a psyche and drown him literally driving him to become a borderline in effect grandiose and vulnerable facets in pathological narcissism they are consequences of attempts to regulate the self and the self-esteem that’s running
103. 37:30 some work work running Stones work in 2010. according to running some individuals with pathological narcissism fluctuate between grandiosity and vulnerability depending on external and internal factors I fully concur I’ve been saying the same long before rolling some actually
104. 37:49 intense feelings of explicit shame they belong more to the vulnerable features of pathological narcissism they occur for example in response to negatively perceived events even if they are not negative objectively individuals with pathological narcissism
105. 38:06 try to avoid these intense feelings of Shame as I explained they engage in various interpersonal and intrapersonal strategies they’re trying to avoid to prevent prevent explicit shame so they devalue other people they respond with anger or they self-enhance they brag for example
106. 38:27 we used to have an example in the White House all the horses all your horses let me get a sip of this red what wine you believe the worst about me don’t you why it’s wine I swear running some in 2010 emphasized that perfectionism for example is a
107. 38:52 significant feature of self-enhancement it’s closely related to shame because when the narcissist attempts to be perfect he’s setting himself up for failure no one can be perfect not even the narcissist with one exception may be who he’s talking to you right now but no one
108. 39:12 is perfect perfectionism is self-mutilation is setting yourself up for shame failure it’s it’s ending disgracefully so perfectionism is perfectionism is not sufficient enough to bridge the gap between real abilities and ideal imaginations about the self what Freud
109. 39:34 called it the time ego ideal feelings of explicit shame are elicited all the time precisely because what I call the grandiosity Gap the the difference between the grandiose fantastic inflated self-image a cognitive distortion and drab poor reality which never
110. 39:57 measures up never measures up to the fantasy shame is a central feature of non-clinical and pathological narcissism in in many theoretical models and for good I think for good reason strangely there are many theories and many theoreticians but very few studies
111. 40:21 very few studies and many of these studies relied on non-clinical or mixed clinical populations not a good idea so explicit shame and narcissism was assessed with the narcissistic personality inventory the NPI and gramso and tangany in 1992 Watson and others in 1996 Pincus
112. 40:48 and others in 19 in 2009 they all measured shame and correlated it with narcissism and they found a negative correlation strangely strangely to everyone maybe except me is a kept keeps saying in this lecture shame in my view is negatively correlated with overt grandiose narcissism
113. 41:18 overt grandiose narcissism is about an adaptation to suppress shame or very grandiose narcissists know how to handle shame how to manage it how to deny and eliminate it’s the vulnerable ones who can’t cope with shame and don’t do well with shame a recent study suggested that
114. 41:42 the NPI measures a grandiose variant of normal or subclinical losses that strongly overlaps with high explicit self-esteem and that’s a study by Vader v-a-t-e-r and others in 2013. it’s exactly what I’ve been saying so the NBI is likely is is not the best
115. 42:03 test because it’s NPI is a test for grandiose overt narcissism it’s not a test for covert vulnerable narcissism there’s another study which shows the more valid measure to assess pathological narcissism but it used the pathological narcissism inventory pni
116. 42:21 not NPI pni pathological narcissism inventory was developed by Pincus in 2009. and so when when the pli was used pni has 52 questions it’s a much bigger much bigger instrument the when the pni was used not the NPI but the pni the authors found a
117. 42:40 moderately positive correlation between explicit chain and pathological narcissism in a mixed clinical symbol so this data show that we need to be a lot more subtle a lot more nuanced we can’t just say narcissism what type of narcissism and we can’t just say
118. 43:03 shame which kind of Shame compensatory reaction to real events reaction to expected even what we need to be a lot more definitive especially when we discuss vulnerable facets of the disorder so I again refer you to the bibliography if you read to if you wish to read more
119. 43:25 about any of this gramzo and tangney in 1992 wrote the following sentence shame Cronus was also positively correlated with splitting a pathological narcissistic defense and that’s a very very fascinating and enlightening observation because when you split you don’t only
120. 43:50 split the world you split yourself as well splitting is black and white thinking also known as dichotomous thinking dividing the world to couldn’t totally good and totally bad totally black and totally white totally with me and totally against me totally something and
121. 44:09 totally other this is splitting when you do that inevitably you split yourself as well and when you split yourself there is a part of you or the totality of you that is all bad which gives rise of course to shame no no surprise there the shame is
122. 44:30 correlated with splitting there’s been a study by Pincus and and answer and pimental and Kane and all the Giants in the field this film of Shame which I keep mentioning in in 2009 it um
123. 44:46 was published in the inventory of psychological assessment 2009. I want to read the abstract to you the the article was was titled initial construction and validation of the pathological narcissism inventory I want to read the abstract the construct of narcissism is
124. 45:05 inconsistently inconsistently defined across clinical Theory social personality theory and psychiatric diagnosis two problems were identified that impede the integration of research and clinical findings regarding narcissistic personality pathology
125. 45:22 number one ambiguity regarding the assessment of pathological narcissism versus normal narcissism number two insufficient scope of existing narcissists narcissist measures the PNR is a 52 item self-report measure assessing seven dimensions of pathological narcissism spanning
126. 45:40 problems with narcissistic grandiosity entitlement rage exploitativeness grandiose fantasy self-sacrificing and self-enhancement and narcissistic vulnerability contingent self-esteem hiding hiding the self devaluing and so on the grandiose the the pni structures the structures in
127. 46:05 these in these suggested measures are just a test the pni structure was validated via confirmatory factor analysis etc etc and it was correlated negatively with self-esteem and empathy it was correlated positively with shame interpersonal distress aggression and
128. 46:24 borderline personality organization grandiose pni scales say Pincus and his collaborators were associated with so the grandiose scales they overt narcissists were associated with vindictive domineering intrusive and overly nurturing interpersonal problems
129. 46:46 vulnerable pni scales were associated with cold socially avoidant and exploitative interpersonal problems in a small clinical samples the pni scales exhibited significant associations with parasuicidal behavior suicide attempts homicidal ideation several
130. 47:05 aspects of psychotherapy utilization I suggest those of you who want to go deeper I suggest that you read up on the PMI now Kane Pinkus anseling in others published an article in 2007 titled the narcissism at the crossroads phenotypic description of pathological narcissism
131. 47:27 cross-clinical Theory social personality theory and psychiatric diagnosis it was published in Clinical Psychology review 2008. and again I want to read to you the abstract this review say the authors came and allies this review documents two themes of emphasis found in phenotypic
132. 47:48 descriptions of pathological narcissism across clinical Theory social personality psychology and psychiatric diagnosis clinical theories of narcissism say the authors spanning 35 years consistently describe variations in the expression of pathological narcissism
133. 48:06 that emphasize either grandiosity or vulnerable effects and self-states Recent research in Social personality psychology examining the structure of narcissistic personality traits consistently finds two broad factors representing currency grandiosity
134. 48:26 exhibitionism and vulnerability sensitivity depletion respectively however the majority of psychiatric criteria for narcissistic personality disorder NPD in the diagonal in the DSM the majority of these criteria emphasize expressions of grandiosity
135. 48:46 this has been corrected by the way in the DSM-5 the sm5 implicitly not by name recognizes covert vulnerable losses the authors continue by placing most of the diagnostic emphasis on overt grandiosity DSM NPD has been limited by poor discriminant validity modest levels
136. 49:09 of temporal stability and the lowest prevalence rates on axis 2. despite converging support for two phenotypic themes associated with pathological narcissism psychiatric diagnosis and social personality psychology research often Focus only on radiosity in the
137. 49:27 assessment of narcissism in contrast clinical Theory struggles with a proliferation of labels describing these broad phenotypic variations we conclude that the construct of pathological narcissism is at a Crossroads talk about an understatement I mentioned the work of
138. 49:46 Alin Vader v-a-t-e-r Catherine Ritter and so the many women by the way many first first grade first rank women’s scholars in the study of narcity so Rita Vader and others publish an article titled shame in patients with narcissistic personality disorder was published in Psychiatry
139. 50:12 research in 2014 and again you go to the description you find the whole bibliography and you are encouraged to take a stroll around along along these literature Lanes scholarly literature lanes because you’re likely to find many gems I can’t condense
140. 50:30 everything into one or one and a half hours I’m just giving you highlights and pointers so the authors wrote participants with NPD reported higher levels of explicit shame than non-clinical controls but lower levels than patients with borderline personality disorder
141. 50:49 levels of guilt level levels of guilt proneness pronus to guilt did not differ among the three study groups they were all similarly prone to guilt this is a shocking Revelation and many self-styled experts online should pay hid the implicit shame self associations
142. 51:09 relative to anxiety self-associations were significantly stronger among patients with NPD compared to non-clinical controls in BPD patients our findings indicate that shame is a prominent feature of NPD and I would add shockingly saw his guilt because we have this stereotypical
143. 51:29 perception narcissists are incapable of Shame they’re incapable of guilt borderlines are that’s not true it’s absolutely not true it’s another reason that I suggest to get rid of all these differential diagnosis and to focus on a single personality disorder with different emphasis
144. 51:47 every narcissist is sometimes a borderline in every borderline is sometimes a narcissist and both of them are frequently Psychopaths he burned in 1992 wrote wrote an article I think it appeared in a book as far as I remember NASA it was titled narcissism
145. 52:09 shame masochism and object relations and exploratory correlational study uh no it was published in psychoanalytic psychology I’m sorry so the abstract of the article is a correlational study with 701 students examined measures of narcissism shame
146. 52:25 masochism object relations and social desirability moderate correlations were found for narcissism shame object relations and masochism narcissism say the author it’s a very I’m sorry it’s a very very early article it’s an article dated 1992. narcissism
147. 52:45 divided into two different styles a phallic apologies a phallic grandiose Style Today known as overt and a narcissistically vulnerable Style Today known as covert shame primarily accounted for the differences in these tiles correlating negatively with the
148. 53:07 grandiose style positively with the more vulnerable Style the narcissistically vulnerable Styles say the authors correlated more with the core pathology measures that is object relations in masochism social desirability did not mediate the relationship between grandiose
149. 53:26 narcissism and shame masochism was a better predictor of shame in women than was narcissism whereas there was little difference between masochism and narcissism for predicting shame in men this might not be the case anymore by the way but we don’t know
150. 53:46 on Onward Christian or Jewish soldiers and we seamlessly transition to the next article Elena vicious Darren neufeld and others publish an article titled vulnerable narcissism and addiction the mediating role of shame it was published in addictive behavior
151. 54:09 behaviors in 2019 the abstract of this article says problem drinking and gambling are addictive behaviors experienced by younger adults and commonly occur which commonly occur with narcissism researchers acknowledge two different forms of narcissism grandiose and
152. 54:28 vulnerable there has been work that has examined the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and addictive behaviors but this work has been limited particularly when it comes to vulnerable narcissism evidence suggests that vulnerable
153. 54:43 narcissism but not grandiose narcissism is associated with greater negative effect accordingly shame a potent social emotion could be a mediator in the narcissism addiction pathway shame has been implicated implicated in both vulnerable narcissism and problem
154. 55:04 drinking and gambling and so we hypothesize safely offers that shame would mediate the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and addictive behaviors and as predicted those with elevated vulnerable narcissism had increased shame and this predicted drinking and gambling
155. 55:25 this relationship problem drinking and gambling this relationship was not observed was not observed for grandiose narcissism overall say the authors our results suggest that feelings of Shame are essential to the understanding of the vulnerable narcissism variety
156. 55:42 and the vulnerable gnosticism addiction pathway and they are and shame is an important consideration when designing clinical intervention for at-risk young adults vulnerable narcissists are flooded with shame drowning in shame shame is a major Dynamic factors
157. 56:05 factor in vulnerable covert narcissism not so in overt grandiose narcissism not so at all another reason to think that these two conditions do they share the common epithet or label narcissism are not the same at all and should not belong to the same family
158. 56:27 one is probably a form of psychopathy overt grandiosemosis at least an anti-social manifestation of narcissism the other is compensatory is a way to cope with deep set shame inferiority and negative self-directed negative effectivity self-loathing self-hatred
159. 56:53 self-evaluation self-deprecation and a deep knowing sense of failure defeat and being a loser no wonder they drink foreign